Fragrance oils are aromatic oils that are man made. Fragrance oils are used instead of essential oils when the essential oil is too costly or too hazardous to use. Fragrance oils are also used to replicate the scent of plants that do not have an essential oil.  

How Are Fragrance Oils Made?
Using a technique called gas chromatography, scientists can separate a fragrance into its individual chemical components. By doing this they can reconstruct that fragrance using natural essential oils and/or synthetic aroma chemicals. When smelling fragrance oils you may notice that often a fragrance oil will not duplicate a scent exactly.  This is because some fragrances, such as rose essential oil, are very complex and can not be completely duplicated by a mixture of  aromatic chemicals.  When creating a fragrance oil to replicate a natural scent, amanufacturer may decide to use a cheaper substitute for some of the the expensive components of the natural scent.  If a synthetic substitute for an important ingredient  is used in the replica, or if an important ingredient is omitted from the replica, it  will make a difference in the fragrance.

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Essential oils are fragrant oils that exist in the flowers, leaves, stems, bark, peel and other parts of plants. Essential oils are also called volatile oils because they evaporate when exposed to air. Many different types of plants have an essential oil.  Examples of these are flowers like rose, gardenia, carnation, and jasmine. Citrus fruits, like orange, lemon and lime, also have essential oils.  Other plants that have an essential oil are nutmeg, cinnamon, cloves, and black pepper. Whenever you peel an orange, some of the essential oil in the peel squirts out and this is what you smell as you are peeling the orange.

About Essential Oils
Essential oils are removed from flowers and plants by three basic methods: steam distillation, expression, and extraction.

Steam Distillation:
Using this method, the fragrant parts of the plant are put in a device called a “still.” Steam is allowed to permeate the plant material. As the steam rises it loosens the essential oils in the plant parts and carries it to a separate container.  The steam is condensed into water in this separate container and the essential oils are removed from it there.

Expression:
This method is used for removing essential oils from the peels of citrus fruits like orange, lemon, and lime.  In expression the peels are squeezed, or punctured, to remove the essential oils.

Extraction:
This method is used for removing the oils from delicate flowers such as jasmine, carnation and gardenia.  It is also used for removing the oils from resins such as frankincense and myrrh.  In this method the essential oils are removed from the plant or resin by soaking it in fat, oil, or a chemical solvent.  When the solvent has been removed, the fragrant oil that remains is called an “absolute.”  When the solvent has been removed from a resin, what remains is called a resinoid.

Essential Oil Shopping Links:

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Sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide are two ingredients used to turn oils and fats into soap. Sodium hydroxide is normally used to make bar soaps. Potassium hydroxide is normally used to make liquid soaps. Both are extremely corrosive and must be handled and stored with care. Both sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide come in bead form, flake form, or liquid form. Most soap recipes call for bead form, and this is the easiest to handle. When storing your sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide be sure to store them in air tight containers in a cool, dry place.

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Shea butter (also known as karite butter) is a very popular ingredient in cosmetics. Shea butter is produced from the nuts of the Shea tree (Butyrospermum parkii) which grows in West and Central Africa in Nigeria, Togo, Mali, Ghana, the Ivory Coast, Benin and Burkina Faso. Ninety-five percent of the shea butter produced in these countries is used in candy and confectionaries. The other five percent is used for cosmetics. Refined shea butter has been treated to remove some of the natural smell and color of shea butter. Unrefined shea butter is produced by traditional methods and retains the natural color, smell, and naturally occurring nutrients in shea butter. Shea butter has several wonderful qualities that make it an excellent additive to cosmetic products. It consists primarily of stearic acid and oleic acid - two fatty acids which moisturize the skin. Shea butter contains a large percentage of unsaponifiables which help to stimulate and regenerate the skin. It also is useful as a sunblock.

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Shea Butter

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