Fragrance oils are aromatic oils that are man made. Fragrance oils are used instead of essential oils when the essential oil is too costly or too hazardous to use. Fragrance oils are also used to replicate the scent of plants that do not have an essential oil.  

How Are Fragrance Oils Made?
Using a technique called gas chromatography, scientists can separate a fragrance into its individual chemical components. By doing this they can reconstruct that fragrance using natural essential oils and/or synthetic aroma chemicals. When smelling fragrance oils you may notice that often a fragrance oil will not duplicate a scent exactly.  This is because some fragrances, such as rose essential oil, are very complex and can not be completely duplicated by a mixture of  aromatic chemicals.  When creating a fragrance oil to replicate a natural scent, amanufacturer may decide to use a cheaper substitute for some of the the expensive components of the natural scent.  If a synthetic substitute for an important ingredient  is used in the replica, or if an important ingredient is omitted from the replica, it  will make a difference in the fragrance.

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Castor oil is a thick, clear, viscous oil obtained from the seeds of the castor oil plant. It is valued in soap making because it helps to make soaps clear, and it helps to produce a thick lather. It is also used in hair care care products and lip care products (like lipstick and lip gloss) for moisturization, and because it leaves a nice shine.

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Essential oils are fragrant oils that exist in the flowers, leaves, stems, bark, peel and other parts of plants. Essential oils are also called volatile oils because they evaporate when exposed to air. Many different types of plants have an essential oil.  Examples of these are flowers like rose, gardenia, carnation, and jasmine. Citrus fruits, like orange, lemon and lime, also have essential oils.  Other plants that have an essential oil are nutmeg, cinnamon, cloves, and black pepper. Whenever you peel an orange, some of the essential oil in the peel squirts out and this is what you smell as you are peeling the orange.

About Essential Oils
Essential oils are removed from flowers and plants by three basic methods: steam distillation, expression, and extraction.

Steam Distillation:
Using this method, the fragrant parts of the plant are put in a device called a “still.” Steam is allowed to permeate the plant material. As the steam rises it loosens the essential oils in the plant parts and carries it to a separate container.  The steam is condensed into water in this separate container and the essential oils are removed from it there.

Expression:
This method is used for removing essential oils from the peels of citrus fruits like orange, lemon, and lime.  In expression the peels are squeezed, or punctured, to remove the essential oils.

Extraction:
This method is used for removing the oils from delicate flowers such as jasmine, carnation and gardenia.  It is also used for removing the oils from resins such as frankincense and myrrh.  In this method the essential oils are removed from the plant or resin by soaking it in fat, oil, or a chemical solvent.  When the solvent has been removed, the fragrant oil that remains is called an “absolute.”  When the solvent has been removed from a resin, what remains is called a resinoid.

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